Heart of the Kingdom of Aksum in the highlands of northern Ethiopia, which traded across the Red Sea through the port of Adulis. Its monuments include carved stone stelae, the tallest still standing over 23 metres, royal tombs and palace ruins. Example: King Ezana’s 4th-century inscriptions in Greek, Sabaean and Ge’ez, an early record of…
Royal city of the Kingdom of Kush, between the Nile and Atbara rivers in present-day Sudan. From the 3rd century BCE most Kushite royal burials were made here, under pyramids; the kings of Kush had ruled Egypt for close to a century. Example: the nearby sites of Naqa and Musawwarat es-Sufra, with temples and works…
A king of Aksum in the 4th century CE, known from stone inscriptions he had carved in three languages: Greek, Sabaean and Ge’ez. Historians of the ancient world value these inscriptions as major sources. Example: the trilingual tablets at Aksum show a kingdom that spoke to the Mediterranean, Arabia and its own people at once.
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